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Geranium Essential Oil

Geranium Essential Oil

Pelargonium graveolens var. roseum

Geranium is steam distilled from the leaves of Pelargonium graveolens var roseum. Our batches have come from India, Madagascar, and South Africa, all certified organic or organically grown.

The chemistry leans heavily on monoterpenols, which average around 44% across our batches. Citronellol leads the way (typically 21-33% in our batches), with geraniol usually 9-16%. Monoterpenols are the family known for being skin-supportive and gentle, well tolerated even by sensitive skin, and for helping the nervous system settle back toward balance. There are esters here too, close to 23% on average, including citronellyl formate at roughly 8-13%. Geranium is also a favorite in natural insect repellent blends.

Every batch we bring in is independently GC-MS tested, and the full report for each one lives right here on this page.

Batch History & Chemistry

BatchDistilledOrigin
GRN-12404/15/2026India
GRN-12305/22/2025India
GRN-12205/01/2023Madagascar
GRN-12111/15/2020Madagascar
GRN-12009/15/2020Madagascar
Distillation date
04/15/2026
Extraction
Steam Distilled
Cultivation
Organically Grown
Country of origin
India

Top 5 components

of 113 measured

ComponentFamily%
citronellolMonoterpenol30.78%
geraniolMonoterpenol17.12%
citronellyl formateEster8.08%
linaloolMonoterpenol4.37%
geranyl formateEster3.74%

Batch GRN-124 was steam distilled in April 2026 from organically grown Pelargonium graveolens var. roseum, grown high in the Himalayan foothills of India and distilled from the fresh leafy material. This is true rose geranium, the rose-scented variety. In the mountains it can be harvested only once a year, and frost makes every season hard-won, but the altitude is what gives the oil its character: softer, sweeter and more rosy than lowland geranium, with more depth. The aroma of this batch is classic rose geranium: soft and green, faintly minty at the edges, with a sweet floral center that lingers. GC-MS analysis of this batch identified 113 components, led by citronellol at 30.78% and geraniol at 17.12%, with citronellyl formate at 8.08%. Monoterpenols make up 53.14% of the profile, a family associated with gentle, skin-friendly character, while esters at 14.9% lend the calming, softly sweet quality geranium is known for. The lab found no adulterants, diluents or contaminants, and confirmed the oil meets the expected profile for genuine high altitude geranium from India. If you read the full report, you will see one tiny component, dihydrocitronellol at 0.07%, listed under the family "Synthetic". That word is a quirk of the lab's software, which attaches one fixed family name to each compound and cannot change it for a particular sample. Dihydrocitronellol occurs naturally in geranium, and in an amount this small, in an oil that shows no other sign of anything added, our chemist reads it as natural and expected. This exact batch was independently GC-MS tested, and the full report and certificate of analysis are available to download here so you can see the chemistry behind what you are using.

Chemistry highlights

GRN-124 is a citronellol-rich geranium, which is exactly what a mountain-grown rose geranium should be. Citronellol at 30.78% sits toward the top of the 20.96-33.44% we have logged across our geranium batches, and geraniol at 17.12% is above its usual 9.45-15.69%. Together they build a monoterpenol block of 53.14%, the alcohols that give geranium its rosy, skin-friendly character. The formate esters run a little lower than usual, citronellyl formate at 8.08% and geranyl formate at 3.74% against their typical 7.6-13.3% and 4.54-7.46%, which simply means more of the alcohol stayed free in this distillation rather than pairing off into esters. One number that looks odd next to our earlier batches is 6,9-guaiadiene at 0.23%, where the others ran 5.87-9.56%. That is a signature of origin, not of quality. Our previous geraniums came from Madagascar and South Africa, whose oils are rich in this sesquiterpene. Indian geranium carries very little of it and brings 10-epi-γ-eudesmol at 3.11% instead. The sesquiterpene fraction comes to 7.2%. Both rose oxides are resolved, (Z) at 1.65% and (E) at 0.43%, the natural 4 to 1 ratio, across 113 components total. The one trace component the report files as "Synthetic" is explained in the sourcing notes above.

Monoterpenol
citronellol30.78%
geraniol17.12%
linalool4.37%
α-terpineol0.36%
nerol0.28%
neoisomenthol0.11%
isopulegol0.04%
terpinen-4-ol0.03%
borneol0.02%
dihydrocarveol0.02%
3-hexen-1-ol0.01%
Ester
citronellyl formate8.08%
geranyl formate3.74%
geranyl tiglate1.21%
neryl propionate0.82%
geranyl acetate0.59%
citronellyl acetate0.27%
geranyl caproate0.07%
neryl formate0.07%
geranyl caprylate0.02%
phenethyl propionate0.01%
methyl geranate0.01%
methyl 2-methylbutyrate0.01%
Sesquiterpene
α-copaene1.02%
β-caryophyllene0.98%
δ-cadinene0.88%
β-bourbonene0.80%
germacrene D0.71%
α-muurolene0.32%
α-caryophyllene0.27%
9-epi-caryophyllene0.25%
6,9-guaiadiene0.23%
(E,E)-α-farnesene0.20%
allo-aromadendrene0.18%
α-cubebene0.17%
(Z)-cadina-1(6),4-diene0.14%
γ-muurolene0.13%
zonarene0.12%
β-selinene0.12%
β-copaene0.10%
δ-elemene0.10%
selina-3,7(11)-diene0.10%
cadina-3,5-diene0.09%
β-chamigrene0.09%
(E)-cadina-1,4-diene0.08%
α-gurjunene0.07%
α-amorphene0.05%
Ketone
isomenthone3.44%
menthone2.17%
piperitone0.06%
6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one0.03%
β-thujone0.01%
Sesquiterpenol
10-epi-γ-eudesmol3.11%
(Z)-nerolidol1.27%
hinesol0.19%
spathulenol0.14%
epi-cubenol0.11%
1,10-epi-cubenol0.11%
epi-cubebol0.08%
γ-eudesmol0.08%
globulol0.08%
maaliol0.03%
juniper camphor0.01%
pogostol0.01%
Other
UK BP: 810.86%
UK BP: 1040.70%
phenylethyl alcohol0.63%
Citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde0.52%
neryl isovalerate0.29%
α-agarofuran0.18%
ylangene<β->0.13%
Citronellyl tiglate<E->0.11%
β-dihydroagarofuran0.10%
dihydrocitronellol0.07%
Bourbonanone<1-…nor->0.06%
2-phenylethyl formate0.05%
Eudesmol<5-epi-7-epi-α->0.04%
6-methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one0.04%
3-methylpentanol0.03%
neo-menthyl acetate0.03%
Butanediol<2,3->0.02%
trans-dehydroxy linalool oxide0.02%
Dihydro carveol<neoiso->0.02%
Citronellol isobutanoate0.02%
1-tetradecene0.01%
Mustakone0.01%
Undecyne<1->0.01%
octane0.01%
Oxide
(Z)-rose oxide1.65%
(E)-rose oxide0.43%
caryophyllene oxide0.20%
linalool (Z)-oxide0.16%
(E)-linalool oxide0.08%
humulene epoxide 20.03%
1,8-cineole0.01%
Monoterpene
limonene (d)1.10%
α-pinene0.72%
β-myrcene0.08%
(E)-β-ocimene0.08%
p-cymene0.08%
α-phellandrene0.05%
camphene0.04%
α-thujene0.02%
γ-terpinene0.02%
terpinolene0.02%
β-pinene0.01%
δ-2-carene0.01%
β-phellandrene0.01%
Aldehyde
citronellal0.62%
geranial0.52%
decanal0.45%
neral0.35%
Ether
estragole (methyl chavicol)0.07%

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